CB1 and CB2 receptors are two primary receptor types that form a key part of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) — the body’s network that helps maintain balance, or homeostasis. These receptors act like “locks” that can be activated by cannabinoids, both those produced naturally by the body (endocannabinoids) and those from cannabis, such as CBD and THC.
- CB1 Receptors: found mainly in the brain and central nervous system. They influence mood, memory, coordination, appetite, and pain perception. THC binds strongly to CB1 receptors, producing the well-known psychoactive effects of cannabis. Because of their role in brain function, CB1 receptors are closely linked to how cannabis affects mental and emotional states.
- CB2 Receptors: located primarily in the immune system and peripheral tissues. They are linked to regulating inflammation, immune response, and tissue recovery. Unlike CB1 receptors, CB2 receptors do not produce intoxicating effects when activated. Cannabinoids like CBD are thought to interact indirectly with CB2 receptors, helping to modulate immune balance and reduce inflammation.
Together, CB1 and CB2 receptors explain why cannabinoids affect such a wide range of processes in the body. The balance of how these receptors are activated helps determine whether the effects are psychoactive, therapeutic, or both.
Related Terms
FAQ
CB1 receptors are mostly found in the brain and affect mood and perception, while CB2 receptors are in the immune system and regulate inflammation.
No. Some cannabinoids like THC bind directly to CB1. Others, like CBD, influence receptors indirectly without binding.
They are essential to how the body responds to cannabinoids and play a major role in the effects of cannabis and hemp products.
Bie, B., Wu, J., Foss, J. F., & Naguib, M. (2018). An overview of the cannabinoid type 2 receptor system and its therapeutic potential. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology, 31(4), 407–414. https://doi.org/10.1097/aco.0000000000000616
Hill, E. L., Gallopin, T., Férézou, I., Cauli, B., Rossier, J., Schweitzer, P., & Lambolez, B. (2007). Functional CB1 receptors are broadly expressed in neocortical GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons. Journal of Neurophysiology, 97(4), 2580–2589. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00603.2006